The purposes of this study were to determine the morphologic distributions of subgingival plaque bacteria and correlations between clinical parameters and bacterial distributions in diseased and relatively healthy sites of adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis.
Thirty adult periodontitis patients (17 males, 13 females; 36 yrs. to 59 yrs.) and thirty rapidly progressive periodontitis patients (22 males, 8 females; 19 yrs. to 35 yrs.) were selected for this study. Plaque index, gingival index, sulcular bleeding index, and pocket depth were measured on all tooth surfaces and full mouth standard films were taken. According to degree of clinical parameters and bone destruction, diseased sites and relatively healthy sites were selected. In diseased site, pocket depth more than 6mm, severe gingival inflammation, and bone destruction more than half of root length were present. In relatively healthy site, pocket depth less than 3mm, clinical indices less than 1.0, and no remarkable bone destruction were present. Microbial samples were collected from selected tooth surfaces and examined with phase-contrast microscope to classify into 9 morphotype:s; cocci, straight rods, curved rods, motile rods, filaments, fusiforms, small-, medium-, and large-sized spirochetes. For statistical analysis, Student´s t-test was used for comparison of mean measurements and Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized in order to determine association between the clinical parameters and microbial data.
The results were as follows:
1. In adult periodontitis patients, cocci of 20.79%, 55.46%, motile rods of 15.76%, 2.42%, and total spirochetes of 29.41%, 4.96% were separately in diseased sites and relatively healthy sites and significant differences were present (p < 0.005).
2. In rapidly progressive periodontitis patients, cocci of 18.77%, 48.43%, motile rods of 14.22%, 3.65%, and total spirochetes of 34.52%, 8.66% were separately in diseased sites and relatively healthy sites and significant differences were present too (p < 0.005).
3. Motile cells were significantly increased at diseased sites in both periodontitis patients (p < 0.005).
4. There were no remarkable differences of the clinical parameters and morphologic distribu tions of subgingival bacteria between adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis but sulcular bleeding index and proportions of large spirochetes were higher in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients (p < 0.05).
5. The proportions of cocci showed the tendency of negative relationship and the proportions of spirochetes and total motile cells showed the tendency of positive relationship with all clinical parameters.
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